International Railroad Discussion > "Lawrence of Arabia" train faces quiet demise

One less train for them to blow up
By Ibon Villelabeitia

ABOARD THE HEJAZ RAILWAY (Reuters) - Early last century, the biggest threat to the Hejaz Railway was T.E. Lawrence and his camel-mounted Arab rebels, who sabotaged the desert track to attack trains packed with Turkish soldiers. Today, a lack of passengers and improved highways may kill off the Hejaz once and for all, a quiet demise for a train that entered popular imagination thanks to Lawrence's war exploits, later turned into the classic film "Lawrence of Arabia". On one recent morning, only four passengers climbed aboard for the Amman-Damascus trip through Jordan's ochre deserts and Syria's fertile plains, the railway's only surviving service. The 175-km journey takes 2-1/2 half hours by car, but on the Hejaz it can last anywhere from seven to 10, depending on seemingly endless delays at local stations and emergency stops to remove goats and vagrants from the tracks. Built by the Ottoman Sultan during the golden era of railways in the 1900s, the Hejaz ran for 1,300 km from Damascus to Medina, ferrying pilgrims to Islam's holy sites and troops to rebellious Arab provinces under Ottoman rule.
The fabled railway has few thrills these days. Fine grit blows steadily in through cracked carriage windows, the upholstery is shredded and swarms of flies attack lunches. The toilet is a hole in a narrow carriage. But the ride also offers colourful scenes of desert life as the train clatters along at 40 km an hour. Bedouins herd goats and sheep grazing in arid hills. Children run out of tents pitched along tracks and wave at passengers. In Syria's Hauran region, the desert gives way to gold-coloured fields of wheat. Melon plantations thrive next to villages, where minarets and bell-towers of Orthodox churches rise over rooftops.

PILGRIMS CROWDED TRAIN

During its heyday, the Hejaz ferried thousands of pilgrims every year. Today, it draws mostly locals and some foreign train buffs and curiosity seekers. Along the route, lie relics of the Hejaz. Rusty German- and Belgian-made steam locomotives sit abandoned on yards. Water towers stand in Ottoman-style stations, where station-masters ring bells to announce the train's departure. "People used to travel on the train, but after cars and highways came passengers disappeared," said Abu Zabdi, a 79- year-old mechanic who has worked on the Hejaz for 40 years. At every stop, Abu Zabdi, who said he knows every coach like each of his eight children, jumps off the train to inspect wheels, axles and hooks. "Some of these carriages are 100 years old but they run like the first day," he said proudly. In Zarqa, a gritty industrial city north of Amman, the train made an emergency stop for a vagrant sleeping on the tracks. The man, apparently drunk, was handcuffed and brought on board by police officers. Near the Syrian border, a group of schoolchildren accompanied by women in black veils crowded one coach. The hot air filled with the smell of round bread from their lunch boxes. Two conductors offered small, clinking porcelain cups filled with bitter dark coffee. "I'm going to Damascus to see family. Cars are faster but here I enjoy the views," said a middle-aged passenger standing on the outer rail as the diesel engine lumbered into the city of Deraa, in Syria. In his "Seven Pillars of Wisdom", Lawrence describes Arab troops entering liberated Damascus, where "the silent gardens stood blurred green with river mist, in whose setting shimmered the city, beautiful as ever, like a pearl in the morning sun". The traveller who arrives on the outskirts of modern-day Syria's capital aboard the Hejaz sees a squalid and noisy Palestinian refugee camp and a garbage dump that runs for miles.

END OF CAMEL CARAVAN

The construction of the Hejaz was a major engineering project. Some 6,000 Turkish soldiers, mostly conscripts, laboured on the railway, braving hostile tribes, cholera outbreaks and sandy terrain prone to violent winter floods. The line opened in 1908, spelling the end of the old camel caravan, in which pilgrims rode for two months from Damascus to Medina, compared to three days on the train, which had luxury cars for the Sultan and his entourage. The military use of the Hejaz by Turkey, allied with Germany during World War One, brought the demise of the railway. Arab rebels fighting for independence led by Lawrence, an enigmatic British intelligence officer, launched demolition raids against the Hejaz. Jordan, struggling to boost tourist revenues, has tried to revive the Hejaz with Lawrence-themed tourist packages, but the long hours make the trip unpalatable even to backpackers. The region's turbulence also scares away visitors, officials say. The Amman-Damascus service has been cut to twice a week from four times a week due to poor demand. Abu Zabdi said he doesn't know how much longer the Hejaz will run but that he will work until his last day.
"The train has been my bread for years. The Hejaz is my home

I've been quietly fascinated with the Hejaz, particularly south of Amman where it heads into the mountains and open desert, since I first saw photos of it in an educational film back in junior high. Something about this little line out into the desert always fascinated me, especially the parts that were more or less abandoned in place. It's too bad that at the moment, visiting probably isn't the best idea, nor will it be for the near future.

For anybody wanting to see pictures, see this website:
http://nabataea.net/hejaz.html

Nathan